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| A [[https://machineguns.us/|machine gun]] is a mounted or portable firearm that operates fully automatically. Typically, it is designed to discharge rifle cartridges rapidly in succession from either an ammunition belt or a large-capacity magazine, often at several hundred rounds per minute. [[https://machineguns.us/|Machine guns]] were manually operated in earlier iterations, requiring actions such as turning a hand crank. According to United States law, the term "machine gun" specifically refers to any fully automatic firearm. In the context of U.S. legislation, a machine gun is defined by The National Firearms Act of 1934 as "… any weapon which shoots … automatically more than one shot, without manual reloading, by a single function of the trigger." | A [[https://machineguns.us/|machine gun]] is a mounted or portable firearm that operates fully automatically. Typically, it is designed to discharge rifle cartridges rapidly in succession from either an ammunition belt or a large-capacity magazine, often at several hundred rounds per minute. [[https://machineguns.us/|Machine guns]] were manually operated in earlier iterations, requiring actions such as turning a hand crank. According to United States law, the term "machine gun" specifically refers to any fully automatic firearm. In the context of U.S. legislation, a machine gun is defined by The National Firearms Act of 1934 as "… any weapon which shoots … automatically more than one shot, without manual reloading, by a single function of the trigger." |
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| (Image: [[https://burf.co/about.php|https://burf.co/about.php]])There exist two main definitions of the upper limit of caliber for machine guns: | There exist two main definitions of the upper limit of caliber for machine guns: |
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| caliber larger than 12.7 millimeters (mm) (.50 caliber) | caliber larger than 12.7 millimeters (mm) (.50 caliber) |
| While most [[https://machineguns.us/product/fn-p90/|machine guns]] are belt-fed, some light variants utilize drum or box magazines, and specific vehicle-mounted models are hopper-fed. Additionally, automatic weapons are classified based on bullet size and firing mechanism, distinguishing between closed-bolt and open-bolt systems. Firearms employing pistol-caliber ammunition are termed machine pistols or submachine guns. At the same time, selective-fire rifles with full-power or reduced-power rifle cartridges are respectively labeled automatic rifles or assault rifles. | While most [[https://machineguns.us/product/fn-p90/|machine guns]] are belt-fed, some light variants utilize drum or box magazines, and specific vehicle-mounted models are hopper-fed. Additionally, automatic weapons are classified based on bullet size and firing mechanism, distinguishing between closed-bolt and open-bolt systems. Firearms employing pistol-caliber ammunition are termed machine pistols or submachine guns. At the same time, selective-fire rifles with full-power or reduced-power rifle cartridges are respectively labeled automatic rifles or assault rifles. |
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| Assault rifles, bridging the gap between submachine guns and traditional rifles, offer semi-automatic, burst, and fully automatic firing modes. However, the term "assault rifle" holds legal significance in states like California, where specific semi-automatic firearms are deemed "assault weapons" under state law. Nevertheless, proponents of gun rights view the term "assault weapon" pejoratively when applied to civilian firearms, a usage less prevalent outside the United States. | Assault rifles, bridging the gap between submachine guns and traditional rifles, offer semi-automatic, burst, and fully automatic firing modes. However, the term "assault rifle" holds legal significance in states like California, where specific semi-automatic firearms are deemed "assault weapons" under state law. Nevertheless, [[https://www.behance.net/search/projects/?sort=appreciations&time=week&search=proponents|proponents]] of gun rights view the term "assault weapon" pejoratively when applied to civilian firearms, a usage less prevalent outside the United States. |
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| In ground combat, machine guns provide suppressive fire, compelling adversaries to seek cover and diminish their offensive capabilities, halting enemy advances, or facilitating safer engagements for friendly forces. Light machine guns often feature rudimentary iron sights, with a common aiming practice involving alternating solid and tracer rounds to aid in trajectory visualization and fire direction. | In ground combat, machine guns provide suppressive fire, compelling adversaries to seek cover and diminish their offensive capabilities, halting enemy advances, or facilitating safer engagements for friendly forces. Light machine guns often feature rudimentary iron sights, with a common aiming practice involving alternating solid and tracer rounds to aid in trajectory visualization and fire direction. |
| The adequacy of existing designs has hampered conventional machine gun advancement for most purposes, although notable progress is being made in anti-armor and antimissile weaponry. | The adequacy of existing designs has hampered conventional machine gun advancement for most purposes, although notable progress is being made in anti-armor and antimissile weaponry. |
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| Electronically controlled machine guns boasting ultrahigh rates of fire, exemplified by Metal Storm’s weapons, may find niche applications. However, current small-caliber variants of this nature have seen limited use due to their weight limitations?too light for influential anti-vehicle roles yet too heavy, especially when factoring in ammunition requirements for individual soldiers. The trend toward increased reliability and decreased mass relative to power output is expected to persist. | Electronically controlled machine guns boasting ultrahigh rates of fire, exemplified by Metal Storm’s weapons, may find niche applications. However, current small-caliber variants of this nature have seen limited use due to their weight limitations?too light for influential anti-vehicle roles yet too heavy, especially when [[https://slashdot.org/index2.pl?fhfilter=factoring|factoring]] in ammunition requirements for individual soldiers. The trend toward increased reliability and decreased mass relative to power output is expected to persist. |
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| One example is the XM214 minigun "six pack" developed by General Electric, featuring six barrels and firing at 4000 rounds per minute. Despite its impressive specs, this weapon weighs 85 pounds and offers limited penetration power, illustrating the challenges of balancing complexity, weight, and effectiveness in modern machine gun design. | One example is the XM214 minigun "six pack" developed by General Electric, featuring six barrels and firing at 4000 rounds per minute. Despite its impressive specs, this weapon weighs 85 pounds and offers limited penetration power, illustrating the challenges of balancing complexity, weight, and effectiveness in modern machine gun design. |
| Loading mechanisms in early manual machine guns often involved hopper-fed systems for loose cartridges, allowing rounds to be added while the weapon fired. Manual volley guns required manual reloading of all barrels simultaneously. This evolved into belt-fed systems, where belts were hand-held or in bags or boxes. Some modern vehicle-mounted machine guns employ linkless feed systems for streamlined operation. | Loading mechanisms in early manual machine guns often involved hopper-fed systems for loose cartridges, allowing rounds to be added while the weapon fired. Manual volley guns required manual reloading of all barrels simultaneously. This evolved into belt-fed systems, where belts were hand-held or in bags or boxes. Some modern vehicle-mounted machine guns employ linkless feed systems for streamlined operation. |
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| Modern machine guns are typically mounted in one of four primary configurations. Firstly, a bipod setup is typical, often integrated with the weapon. This arrangement is prevalent on both light and medium machine guns. Alternatively, larger tripods provide stable support, particularly with medium and heavy [[https://www.google.com/|machine guns]]. Machine guns are typically affixed to pintle mounts on ships and aircraft, essentially steel posts connected to the frame, [[https://www.wired.com/search/?q=commonly%20accompanied|commonly accompanied]] by spade grips. Lastly, machine guns can be integrated into armament systems such as tank coaxials or aircraft installations, operated remotely and featuring sophisticated sighting systems, often employing electrical firing mechanisms. | Modern machine guns are typically mounted in one of four primary configurations. Firstly, a bipod setup is typical, often integrated with the weapon. This arrangement is prevalent on both light and medium machine guns. Alternatively, larger tripods provide stable support, particularly with medium and heavy [[https://www.google.com/|machine guns]]. Machine guns are typically affixed to pintle mounts on ships and aircraft, essentially steel posts connected to the frame, commonly accompanied by spade grips. Lastly, machine guns can be integrated into armament systems such as tank coaxials or aircraft installations, operated remotely and featuring sophisticated sighting systems, often employing electrical firing mechanisms. |
